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Objective:To investigate the level of self-management and daily physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan, China, and to compare the difference in daily management between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities, to develop reasonable and effective chronic disease management strategies for long-term out-of-hospital management of T2DM patients of Zang nationalities.Methods:A total of 265 T2DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7% who were admitted to the Endocrinology Ward of the Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from November 2020 to April 2021 and who were from different regions of Tibet were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general data of all included patients were collected. Glucose and lipid metabolism-related indicators were determined. The Generalized Diabetes Self-Management Efficacy Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) were used to evaluate patients' levels of self-management and daily physical activity.Results:The hemoglobin level in T2DM patients of Zang nationality was (154.09 ± 24.11) g/L, which was significantly higher than that in T2DM patients of Han nationality ( P < 0.05). The total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein in T2DM patients of Zang nationality were (4.63 ± 1.41) mmol/L, (7.94 ± 2.19) mmol/L, and (2.75 ± 1.11) mmol/L, respectively, which significantly higher compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P < 0.05). Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality had lower self-management scores (81.40 ± 15.44) points, diet control scores (17.26 ± 4.97) points, physical exercise scores (11.67 ± 4.42) points, prevention and treatment of high and low blood sugar score (12.21 ± 5.72) points. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Moderate-intensity physical activity was a significant difference between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality have lower overall self-management levels, including diet control, physical exercise, prevention and management of high and low blood glucose, and moderate-intensity physical activity. Targeted individualized education should be carried out according to the Tibetan cultural characteristics, to further develop an intervention method and an out-of-hospital management strategy for chronic disease, which are suitable for T2DM patients of Zang nationality.
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Objective:To explore the construction mode and innovative operation mode conducive to the sustainable development of nursing studio, and evaluate the practical effect of "named nursing studio".Methods:On the basis of carrying out outpatient specialized nursing service in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, through further refining diagnosis and treatment service, optimizing treatment process, strengthening personnel training and promoting discipline development, a nursing studio named after nursing experts was formed, quality control standards and long-term follow-up were established, and a complete named nursing studio operation system was established. The number of nursing clinic patients before and after "named nursing studio" (January to December 2018 and January to December 2019) were counted. The data of patients before and after "named nursing studio", the patient′s satisfaction and other indicators after "named nursing studio" were compared.Results:The number of nursing clinic patients was 1 332 before "named nursing studio" and 1 346 after "named nursing studio". After "named nursing studio", re appointment increased from 63.59% (847/1 332) to 70.51% (949/1 346), and the proportion of patients referred by doctors increased from 10.66% (142/1 332) to 12.93% (174/1 346); the total satisfaction of patients reached 96.97% (993/1 024), forming a trinity of nursing, teaching and scientific research development model of nursing.Conclusions:The development of "named nursing studio" promotes the specialty nursing discipline characteristic and the specialty of nursing service brand construction. It is beneficial to solve the problem of difficulty of outpatient and inpatient care, meets the needs of nursing staff career development, reflectes the value of nurse staff, promotes the development of nursing science.
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Objective:To study the clinical feasibility and advantages of the RapidPlan module based on Halcyon 2.0 ring medical linear accelerator in the design of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans after cervical cancer surgery.Methods:The data of 98 clinical cervical cancer cases were selected from the database, and VMAT artificial radiotherapy plans were designed based on Halcyon 2.0. Then, the designed plans were imported into the RapidPlan module to train the module for a prediction model with high goodness of fit. Another 20 patients after cervical cancer surgery were selected as the validation set to compare the differences in dosimetry, plan consistency, and plan execution efficiency between the manual plans and RapidPlan automatic plans.Results:The RapidPlan automatic plans could obtain dose distribution of target volume and organs at risk with the same quality as the manual plans. The RapidPlan automatic plans provided slightly inferior protection of the femoral head but superior protection of the spinal cord compared to the manual plans, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 4.71, P<0.001). The average MU of the RapidPlan automatic plans was 687.46, which was lower than that of the manual plan (815.34), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 6.09, P < 0.05). The portal dosimetry (PD) verification revealed that the average γ passing rate (1 mm/1%) of the RapidPlan automatic plans was 89.48%and that of the manual plans was 88.22%, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.35, P < 0.05). Conclusion:RapidPlan automatic plans based on the Halcyon 2.0 platform can meet the clinical needs of the VMAT program for cervical cancer and has certain advantages.
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Objective:To systematically examine the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:A systematic literature search was performed in multiple databases,including Cochrane Library,Pubmed,MEDLINE,Embase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,WanFang Database.Paper inclusion criteria were confined to intervention trials of MBSR conducted in patients with PTSD.Revman5.3 and Stata12.0 was used to get pooled results.Results:A total of 8 studies were included,4 randomized controlled trials (including 255 patients with PTSD) and 4 self-controlled studies (including 152 patients with PTSD).Comparing to control groups,MBSR groups resulted in statistically significant improvements on symp toms of PTSD [SMD =-0.53,95 ％ CI(-0.87--0.19),P ＜ 0.05].The symptoms of PTSD after the intervention was improved [SMD =-1.95,95％ CI(-2.84--1.07),P ＜0.01].There was no statistically significant difference between the data of follow-up and post-intervention [SMD =-0.26,95％ CI(-0.77-0.26),P ＞0.05].Contusion:It suggests that the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) may be effective in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and have stable short-term effects.
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A grade three general hospital in Beijing has carried out a pilot project of standardized training for newly recruited nurses since 2013.The two-stage training system of general training and training in the form of rotation training has been established,and the multi dimension evaluation system of students' self-test,OSCE,the test of graduation,and the teaching and management mechanism of teacher team construction and quality control of teaching process have also been established.The standardized training of new entry nurses can promote the level of nursing teaching and clinical nursing in hospitals,but the related work has just started,and its operation mode and process monitoring still need to be constantly improved.
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Objective To measure the irradiation doses from the image beam line (IBL) of Artiste linac under the 2Dplanar,MV CBCT,6 MV 2Dplanar and Somatom CT modes to select an appropriate image-guided mode combined with the irradiation sites. Methods The head, chest and pelvic phantom doses from the IBL under the 2Dplanar,MV CBCT and 6 MV 2Dplanar modes were measured by using IBA Dose 1 electrometer and FC65 ionization chamber.The irradiation doses of Somatom CT scans of the head, chest and pelvis were measured using IBA Dosimax plus A system and the measurement results were analyzed. Results In the head and neck, the average irradiation dose was 16. 60 mGy under IBL 2Dplanar mode, 58. 73 mGy under IBL MV CBCT mode, 19. 83 mGy under 6 MV 2Dplanar mode and 7-9 mGy under Somatom CT. In the chest, the average irradiation dose was 14. 08 mGy under IBL 2Dplanar mode, 49. 17 mGy under MV CBCT mode, 18. 97 mGy under 6 MV 2Dplanar mode and 9-11 mGy under Somatom CT mode.In the pelvis, the average irradiation dose was 13. 36 mGy under IBL 2Dplanar mode, 45. 65 mGy under MV CBCT mode, 17. 52 mGy under 6 MV 2Dplanar mode and 12-15 mGy under Somatom CT mode. Conclusions In the head and neck, the image quality under IBL 2Dplanar mode is recommended, which is qualified for image registration standards. Somatom CT mode is suitable for the chest. In the pelvic region, IBL 2DPlanar mode can be applied when the intestinal cavity and bladder are well filled, and MV CBCT mode can be chosen if they are poorly filled.
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Objective To explore and establish accurate detection quality control method of source positioning and timer precision for afterloading equipment. Methods The source positioning detection device was made of hd camera,EBT3 disposable film and steel rule,collecting source in each resident point for video images and film. Accurate measurement of radioactive source positioning and timer accuracy, including the timing absolute error and linear error through analysis of image sampling rate. After the film grayscale distribution analysis,comparison between film gray peak position and the measurement of resident point geometry,got the stay point source physics and radiation center deviation. Results Radioactive source physics and radiation center deviation was (-0.33± 0. 10) mm;For all default dwell time,timer average absolute deviation was (0.22±0. 02) s,linear fitting result was y=x-0. 226,R2=1,timing linear error was-0. 01％ Conclusions established detection means through the video images and film exposure quantitative analysis for accurately determination of source positioning,dwell time and source radiation center precision. After experimental testing the machine precision satisfied the requirement of clinical use.
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Objective To compare the relative dose of small fields measured by clinically common detectors and those obtained from Monte Carlo simulation in order to obtain the accurate measurement method, and to modify the inappropriate detectors.Methods The percentage depth-dose distribution curve and profile (flatness and symmetry) curves were collected at 2 cm×2 cm, 3 cm×3 cm, and 4 cm×4 cm under 6-MV X-ray of Trilogy linear accelerator by CC13, PFD, SFD, and blue phantom.The results were compared with the stimulation results from Monte Carlo method (the current gold standard).The correction factors for the detectors with large error were calculated to provide reference data for clinical practice.Results The results measured by SFD detector were most close to the results from Monte Carlo simulation.The measurement errors of CC13 and PFD detectors were large.The correction factor in the penumbra for CC13 and PFD detector was 0.664-1.499.Conclusions SFD detector is better than CC13 and PFD detector in the measurement of small fields, but CC13 and PFD detector can provide reference data for clinical practice after the corresponding correction.
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Objective To investigate whether the accelerator image beam line (IBL) full scan and extend field of view(EFOV) scan mode megavoltage cone beam CT(MV CBCT) images can be used for dose calculation in adaptive radiotherapy.Methods The large aperture CT and MV CBCT were used to scan the CIRS 062M electron density modules,the CT value was established to electron density curves in the Pinnacle treatment planning system.Also,CT and MV CBCT were used to scan the head and neck,chest,abdomen and pelvis phantom.The intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) plans were made with CT images and transplanted to MV CBCT images.The dose of targets and organs with their electron density curves was calculated,and two type IMRT plans with different CT images were compared.Results The dose distribution of head and neck phantom was acceptable,compared with the reference plan,the difference was within 3 ％.The dose distribution of chest and.pelvis was significantly reduced from reference plans,and the difference was 5％ and 10％ separately.This difference was beyond the scope of clinical acceptance.Conclusions MV CBCT images of accelerator IBL full scan mode in patients with head and neck site scan could be used for dose calculation in adaptive radiotherapy,chest and pelvic sites in EFOV mode scanning MV CBCT images could only be used for image guidance.
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Objective To determine the peripheral dose ( PD) of a Trilogy accelerator under different conditions and the feasibility of PD measurement using the semiconductor diode ionization chamber. Methods In a solid water phantom, a CC13 air?filled ionization chamber and a semiconductor diode ionization chamber were used for PD measurements with different distances (13 measurement locations within 1?31 cm) , depth ( 3, 5, 15 cm) , field sizes ( 10, 20, 30 cm) , wedge ( W15, W45, VW15, VW45) , and beam energy (6, 18 MV). The relationship of PD with PDleakage and PDscat er was determined by removing the scatter phantom. Simulating the patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy, a CIRS phantom received volumetric modulated arc therapy ( VMAT) , step?shoot intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) , and sliding?window IMRT to measure PDs of the breast, thyroid, and lens. All the data were normalized to the isocenter. Results PD was gradually reduced with the increase in distance ( 13?41% at 1 cm from the edge to 0?25% at 31 cm from the edge) . With a fixed distance from the edge of the radiation field, there was no significant difference in PD between different depths. A radiation field with a size of 30 cm had a PD about two?fold higher than that with a size of 10 cm. PD increased with the increase in the physical wedge angle and increased by 1% compared with the open field;PD decreased with the increase in the virtual wedge angle and decreased by 2?3% compared with the open field. PD decayed from 13?35% at 1 cm to 0?23% at 31 cm under 6 MV X?ray and from 11?06% at 1 cm to 0?20% at 31 cm under 18 MV X?ray. Dscat er was dominant in the regions close to the edge of radiation field and decreased from 62?45% at 1 cm to 5?71% at 25 cm. In all measurements under 6 MV X?ray, the maximum proportion difference between CC13 ionization chamber and diode ionization chamber was less than 1%. PDs of the breast, thyroid, and lens were 6?72, 2?90, and 2?37 mGy in VMAT mode, 7?39, 4?05, and 2?48 mGy in step?shoot IMRT mode, and 9?17, 4?61, and 3?21 mGy in sliding?window IMRT mode, respectively. Conclusions For the measurement of PDs, the CC13 air?filled ionization chamber and semiconductor diode ionization chamber have good consistency and feasibility under 6 MV X?ray. In clinical practice, the understanding of the relationship of PD with different radiation conditions helps to reduce the doses to organs at risk. Shielding and protective techniques can further reduce dose deposition.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus and analyze its risk factors. Methods Extensive survey was carried out to understand the characteristics of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in patients who received kidney grafting from February 1984 to December 2006. Results Three hundred forty-four post-transplantatian diabetes mellitus patients from 1872 ones after kidney grafting were found from February 1984 to December 2006. The prevalence of new onset post-transplant diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in kidney allograft recipients were 18. 4% and 12. 7% respectively, being significantly higher than that in general population and other inpatients. The options of immunosuppressants were significantly associated with the prevalence of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the baseline characteristics of the post transplantation diabetes mellitus patients were significantly associated with increased age(OR: 1. 309, P = 0. 049), elevated level of the triglyceride (OR: 1. 311, P = 0. 005), treatment with taerolimus (FK506) (OR: 1. 522, P = 0. 008), and large dose of intravenous pulsed prednisolane(OR: 1. 239, P = 0. 011), as compared with patients without post-transplantation diabetes mellitus. Besides, the number of patients with at least one acute rejection episode was significantly greater in the post-transplantation diabetic patients. Mycophenolate mofetil (OR: 0. 716, P = 0. 028) and diltiazem (OR: 0. 737, P =0. 015) were associated with lower risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus. Conclusions High prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in renal allograft recipients during hospitalization was observed. Many risk factors contributed to the development of post transplantation diabetes mellitus.